Herpes zoster
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ໃນປີ 2022 Stiftung Warentest ຜົນໄດ້ຮັບຈາກເຢຍລະມັນ, ຄວາມພໍໃຈຂອງຜູ້ບໍລິໂພກກັບ ModelDerm ແມ່ນຕໍ່າກວ່າການປຶກສາຫາລືທາງດ້ານການປິ່ນປົວທາງໂທລະສັບເລັກນ້ອຍເທົ່ານັ້ນ.
ໃນປີ 2022 Stiftung Warentest ຜົນໄດ້ຮັບຈາກເຢຍລະມັນ, ຄວາມພໍໃຈຂອງຜູ້ບໍລິໂພກກັບ ModelDerm ແມ່ນຕໍ່າກວ່າການປຶກສາຫາລືທາງດ້ານການປິ່ນປົວທາງໂທລະສັບເລັກນ້ອຍເທົ່ານັ້ນ.
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Referencesພະຍາດຫມາກໄຂ່ (shingles), ສາເຫດມາຈາກການ reactivation ຂອງເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ (varicella zoster virus) ທີ່ຮັບຜິດຊອບຂອງພະຍາດຫມາກໄຂ່ຫຼັງ, ຜົນກະທົບຕໍ່ປະມານ 1 ລ້ານຄົນຕໍ່ປີໃນສະຫະລັດ, ມີຄວາມສ່ຽງຕະຫຼອດຊີວິດຂອງ 30%. ຜູ່ທີ່ມີລະບົບພູມຄຸ້ມກັນອ່ອນເພຍແມ່ນມີຄວາມສ່ຽງຕໍ່ການເປັນພະຍາດຫືດຫຼາຍ, ໂດຍປົກກະຕິອາການອ່ອນ (malaise), ເຈັບຫົວ, ແລະໄຂ້ອ່ອນ, ຕາມດ້ວຍຄວາມຮູ້ສຶກຜິວຫນັງ (tingling) ທີ່ຜິດປົກກະຕິສອງສາມມື້ກ່ອນທີ່ຈະເປັນຜື່ນ. ຜື່ນນີ້, ປົກກະຕິແລ້ວປະກົດຢູ່ໃນພື້ນທີ່ສະເພາະຂອງຮ່າງກາຍ, ກ້າວໄປຈາກຕຸ່ມຜື່ນທີ່ຈະແຈ້ງໄປສູ່ບາດແຜທີ່ເປືອກແຂ็งໃນໄລຍະຫນຶ່ງອາທິດຫາສິບມື່. ການປິ່ນປົວດ່ວນດ້ວຍຢາຕ້ານໄວຣັສ (acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir) ພາຍໃນ 72 ຊົ່ວໂມງຂອງການເລີ່ມຕົ້ນຜື່ນແມ່ນສໍາຄັນ. ອາການເຈັບປວດຫຼັງການກະຕຸ້ນອີກຄັ້ງ (postherpetic neuralgia), ອາການແຊກຊ້ອນທົ່ວໄປທີ່ມີລັກສະນະໂດຍຄວາມເຈັບປວດທີ່ຍາວນານໃນພື້ນທີ່ທີ່ຖືກກະທົບ, ມີຜົນກະທົບຕໍ່ຄົນເຈັບ 1 ໃນຫ້າຄົນແລະຮຽກຮ້ອງໃຫ້ມີການຄຸ້ມຄອງຢ່າງຕໍ່ເນື່ອງກັບຢາເຊັ່ນ gabapentin, pregabalin, ຫຼືຢາຕ້ານອາການຊຶມເສົາບາງຊະນິດ, ພ້ມກັບຢາປິ່ນປົວເຊັ່ນ lidocaine ຫຼື capsaicin. ການສັກຢາປ້ອງກັນເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ (varicella zoster) ແມ່ນແນະນໍາໃຫ້ສໍາລັບຜູ່ໃຫຍ່ທີ່ມີອາຍຸ 50 ປີຂຶ້ນໄປເພື່ອຫຼຸດຜ່ອນຄວາມສ່ຽງຕໍ່ການເປັນພະຍາດຫມາກໄຂ່ (shingles).
Shingles, caused by the reactivation of the varicella zoster virus responsible for chickenpox, affects around 1 million people annually in the United States, with a lifetime risk of 30%. Those with weakened immune systems are significantly more prone to developing shingles, with symptoms typically starting with malaise, headache, and a mild fever, followed by unusual skin sensations a few days before the appearance of a rash. This rash, usually appearing in a specific area of the body, progresses from clear blisters to crusted sores over a week to ten days. Prompt treatment with antiviral medications (acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir) within 72 hours of rash onset is crucial. Postherpetic neuralgia, a common complication characterized by prolonged pain in the affected area, affects about one in five patients and requires ongoing management with medications such as gabapentin, pregabalin, or certain antidepressants, along with topical agents like lidocaine or capsaicin. Vaccination against the varicella zoster virus is recommended for adults aged 50 and above to reduce the risk of shingles.
Shingles, caused by the reactivation of the varicella zoster virus responsible for chickenpox, affects around 1 million people annually in the United States, with a lifetime risk of 30%. Those with weakened immune systems are significantly more prone to developing shingles, with symptoms typically starting with malaise, headache, and a mild fever, followed by unusual skin sensations a few days before the appearance of a rash. This rash, usually appearing in a specific area of the body, progresses from clear blisters to crusted sores over a week to ten days. Prompt treatment with antiviral medications (acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir) within 72 hours of rash onset is crucial. Postherpetic neuralgia, a common complication characterized by prolonged pain in the affected area, affects about one in five patients and requires ongoing management with medications such as gabapentin, pregabalin, or certain antidepressants, along with topical agents like lidocaine or capsaicin. Vaccination against the varicella zoster virus is recommended for adults aged 50 and above to reduce the risk of shingles.
Herpes zoster ມັກຈະເກີດຂຶ້ນເລື້ອຍໆໃນຜູ້ທີ່ມີອາຍຸ 50 ປີຂຶ້ນໄປ, ຜູ້ທີ່ມີລະບົບພູມຄຸ້ມກັນອ່ອນແອ, ແລະຜູ້ທີ່ກິນຢາຕ້ານພູມຕ້ານທານ. ມັນຖືກກະຕຸ້ນໂດຍການເປີດໃຊ້ຄືນໃຫມ່ຂອງເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ varicella‑zoster, ເຊື້ອໄວຣັດດຽວກັນທີ່ເຮັດໃຫ້ເກີດພະຍາດໄອໄກ່. ອາການຕ່າງໆເຊັ່ນ: ອາການໄຂ້, ເຈັບ, ແລະອາການຄັນແມ່ນເກີດຂຶ້ນກ່ອນການປະກົດຕົວຂອງຜື່ນ. ອາການແຊກຊ້ອນທົ່ວໄປທີ່ສຸດແມ່ນ postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), ເຊິ່ງແມ່ນຄວາມເຈັບປວດເສັ້ນປະສາດຢ່າງຕໍ່ເນື່ອງຫຼັງຈາກຜື່ນຈະສະອາດ. ປັດໃຈຄວາມສ່ຽງແລະອາການແຊກຊ້ອນທີ່ກ່ຽວຂ້ອງກັບ herpes zoster ແຕກຕ່າງກັນໄປຕາມອາຍຸ, ສຸຂະພາບຂອງພູມຕ້ານທານ, ແລະໄລຍະເວລາຂອງການເລີ່ມຕົ້ນການປິ່ນປົວ. ການສັກຢາວັກຊີນສໍາລັບບຸກຄົນທີ່ມີອາຍຸ 60 ປີຂຶ້ນໄປໄດ້ຖືກສະແດງໃຫ້ເຫັນການຫຼຸດຜ່ອນການປະກົດຕົວຂອງ herpes zoster ແລະ postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). ການເລີ່ມຕົ້ນຢາຕ້ານໄວຣັດແລະຢາບັນເທົາອາການເຈັບພາຍໃນ 72 ຊົ່ວໂມງຂອງການເລີ່ມຕົ້ນຂອງຜື່ນສາມາດຫຼຸດຜ່ອນຄວາມຮຸນແຮງແລະອາການແຊກຊ້ອນຂອງ herpes zoster ແລະ postherpetic neuralgia (PHN).
Herpes zoster tends to occur more frequently in people aged 50 and older, those with weakened immune systems, and those taking immunosuppressant medications. It's triggered by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, the same virus that causes chickenpox. Symptoms like fever, pain, and itching commonly precede the appearance of the characteristic rash. The most common complication is post-herpetic neuralgia, which is persistent nerve pain after the rash clears up. The risk factors and complications associated with herpes zoster vary depending on age, immune health, and timing of treatment initiation. Vaccination for individuals aged 60 and above has been shown to significantly reduce the occurrence of herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia. Starting antiviral medications and pain relievers within 72 hours of rash onset can lessen the severity and complications of herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia.
Herpes zoster tends to occur more frequently in people aged 50 and older, those with weakened immune systems, and those taking immunosuppressant medications. It's triggered by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, the same virus that causes chickenpox. Symptoms like fever, pain, and itching commonly precede the appearance of the characteristic rash. The most common complication is post-herpetic neuralgia, which is persistent nerve pain after the rash clears up. The risk factors and complications associated with herpes zoster vary depending on age, immune health, and timing of treatment initiation. Vaccination for individuals aged 60 and above has been shown to significantly reduce the occurrence of herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia. Starting antiviral medications and pain relievers within 72 hours of rash onset can lessen the severity and complications of herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia.
ການທົດລອງທາງດ້ານຄລີນິກກ່ອນການອະນຸມັດຊີ່ໃຫ້ເຫັນວ່າຢາປ້ອງກັນຊີວິດ (live zoster vaccine) ສົດເຮັດວຽກປະມານ 50 ຫາ 70%, ໃນຂະນທີ່ຢາປ້ອງກັນ recombinant (recombinant zoster vaccine) ສາມາດປະມານ 90 ຫາ 97% ໃນການສຶກສາຕົວຈິງ, ພວກເຂົາສະຫນັບສະຫນູນການຄົ້ນພົບຂອງການທົດລອງ, ສະແດງໃຫ້ເຫັນວ່າຢາປ້ອງກັນຊີວິດ (live vaccine) ມີປະມານ 46%, ໃນຂະນທີ່ຢາປ້ອງກັນ recombinant (recombinant vaccine) ມີປະມານ 85%.
The pre-licensure clinical trials show the efficacy of the live zoster vaccine to be between 50 and 70% and for the recombinant vaccine to be higher at 90 to 97%. Real-world effectiveness studies, with a follow-up of approximately 10 years, were reviewed in this article. These data corroborated the efficacy studies, with vaccine effectiveness being 46% and 85% for the live and recombinant vaccines, respectively.
The pre-licensure clinical trials show the efficacy of the live zoster vaccine to be between 50 and 70% and for the recombinant vaccine to be higher at 90 to 97%. Real-world effectiveness studies, with a follow-up of approximately 10 years, were reviewed in this article. These data corroborated the efficacy studies, with vaccine effectiveness being 46% and 85% for the live and recombinant vaccines, respectively.
ພະຍາດໄອໄກ່, ເຊິ່ງເອີ້ນກັນວ່າ varicella, ເປັນຜົນມາຈາກການຕິດເຊື້ອໄວຣັດໃນເບື້ອງຕົ້ນ, ໂດຍປົກກະຕິແມ່ນເກີດຂຶ້ນໃນໄວເດັກ ຫຼື ໄວໜຸ່ມ. ເມື່ອພະຍາດໄອໄກ່ໄດ້ປິ່ນປົວດີແລ້ວ, ເຊື້ອໄວຣັສສາມາດບໍ່ເຄື່ອນໄຫວ (ຢູ່ຕົວ) ໃນຈຸລັງເສັ້ນປະສາດຂອງມະນຸດເປັນເວລາຫຼາຍປີຫຼືຫຼາຍທົດສະວັດ, ຫຼັງຈາກນັ້ນມັນອາດຈະເປີດໃຊ້ຄືນໃໝ່. Herpes zoster ຜົນໄດ້ຮັບເມື່ອເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ varicella dormant ຖືກເປີດໃຊ້ຄືນໃໝ່. ຫຼັງຈາກນັ້ນ, ເຊື້ອໄວຣັສຈະເດີນທາງໄປຕາມຮ່າງກາຍຂອງເສັ້ນປະສາດໄປສູ່ປາຍເສັ້ນປະສາດໃນຜິວຫນັງ, ຜະລິດຕຸ່ມຜື່ນ. ໃນລະຫວ່າງການລະບາດຂອງ herpes zoster , ການສໍາຜັດກັບເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ varicella ທີ່ພົບເຫັນຢູ່ໃນຕຸ່ມໂພງ herpes zoster ສາມາດເຮັດໃຫ້ເກີດພະຍາດໄອໄກ່ໃນຜູ່ທີ່ຍັງບໍ່ທັນເປັນພະຍາດໄອ່ກ່.
ປັດໃຈສ່ຽງຕໍ່ການເປີດໃຊ້ຄືນຂອງເຊື້ອໄວຣັສທີ່ນອນຢູ່ນັ້ນລວມມີອາຍຸເກົ່າ, ການເຮັດວຽກຂອງພູມຄຸ້ມກັນບໍ່ດີ, ແລະການຕິດເຊື້ອພະຍາດໄອ່ກ່ອນອາຍຸ 18 ເດືອນ. ເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ varicella zoster ແມ່ນບໍ່ຄືກັນກັບເຊື້ອໄວຣັສ herpes simplex, ເຖິງແມ່ນວ່າທັງສອງເປັນຂອງຄອບຄົວດຽວກັນຂອງ herpesviruses.
ວັກຊີນ herpes zoster ຫຼຸດຜ່ອນຄວາມສ່ຽງຂອງ herpes zoster ໂດຍ 50% ຫາ 90%. ມັນຍັງຫຼຸດລົງອັດຕາຂອງ neuralgia postherpetic, ແລະ, ຖ້າ herpes zoster ເກີດຂຶ້ນ, ຄວາມຮຸນແຮງຂອງມັນ. ຖ້າ herpes zoster ພັດທະນາ, ຢາຕ້ານໄວຣັດເຊັ່ນ: acyclovir ສາມາດຫຼຸດຜ່ອນຄວາມຮຸນແຮງແລະໄລຍະເວລາຂອງພະຍາດຖ້າເລີ່ມຕົ້ນພາຍໃນ 72 ຊົ່ວໂມງຫຼັງຈາກປະກົດຕົວຂອງຜື່ນ.
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ທັງຢາຕ້ານໄວຣັດແລະຢາ neuralgia ແມ່ນຕ້ອງການ. ທ່ານຄວນພັກຜ່ອນແລະຢຸດເຊົາການດື່ມເຫຼົ້າ.
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#Famciclovir
#Valacyclovir
#Gabapentin
#Pregabalin